sports betting in australian politics: trends, impact, and regulations

Introduction Sports betting has become a significant part of Australian culture, influencing various aspects of society, including politics. This article delves into the trends, impact, and regulations surrounding sports betting in Australian politics. Trends in Sports Betting Popularity Growth Increased Accessibility: The rise of online betting platforms has made sports betting more accessible to the general public. Technological Advancements: Innovations such as mobile betting apps and live streaming have further fueled the popularity of sports betting.

  • Cash King Palace
    new
    Royal Wins100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Starlight Betting Lounge
    Celestial Bet100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Palace
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Spin Palace Casino
    Win Big Now100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Golden Spin Casino
    Luxury Play100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Silver Fox Slots
    Elegance+Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Diamond Crown Casino
    Opulence & Fun100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Lucky Ace Casino
    Luck&Luxury100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Royal Fortune Gaming
    Opulence & Thrills100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more
  • Victory Slots Resort
    Spin to Win100% / $1500
    Casino popularity:
    Collecting more data...
    Payment methods
    • Mifinity
    • Google Pay
    • PIX
    • EcoPayz
    • Neteller
    • Apple Pay
    • Visa
    • Sofort
    • Interac
    • Wagering: 35 x (b)
    • Withdrawal time: 1 days
    • Minimum deposit to casino: $30
    • Bonus max bet: $5
    • Established: 2024
    • Free Spins: 200
    • 1st Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT22nd Deposit Bonus:100% / $1500 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT33rd Deposit Bonus:75% / $3000 + 75 Free Spins
    • Bonus code: FRUIT44th Deposit Bonus:50% / $4500 + 200 Free Spins
    • Leading selection of slots
    • VISA casino site
    • HD streaming casino games
    • Newly unveiled casino
    • Signup offer now available
    • Mr. Gamble special bonuses
    Show more

Introduction

Sports betting has become a significant part of Australian culture, influencing various aspects of society, including politics. This article delves into the trends, impact, and regulations surrounding sports betting in Australian politics.

Popularity Growth

  • Increased Accessibility: The rise of online betting platforms has made sports betting more accessible to the general public.
  • Technological Advancements: Innovations such as mobile betting apps and live streaming have further fueled the popularity of sports betting.

Market Expansion

  • Diverse Betting Options: From traditional football and horse racing to niche sports, the range of betting options has expanded significantly.
  • International Markets: Australian bettors now have access to international sports events, broadening the scope of betting opportunities.

Impact on Australian Politics

Economic Impact

  • Tax Revenue: Sports betting generates substantial tax revenue for the government, contributing to public funds.
  • Job Creation: The industry supports numerous jobs, from bookmakers to software developers.

Social Impact

  • Gambling Addiction: Concerns about gambling addiction have led to increased scrutiny and calls for stricter regulations.
  • Public Health: The impact of sports betting on public health, particularly mental health, is a growing concern for policymakers.

Political Influence

  • Lobbying Efforts: Sports betting companies often engage in lobbying to influence policy decisions.
  • Public Opinion: The public’s perception of sports betting can sway political decisions, especially during election campaigns.

Regulatory Framework

Current Regulations

  • Licensing Requirements: Operators must obtain licenses to offer sports betting services, ensuring compliance with legal standards.
  • Advertising Restrictions: Regulations limit the timing and content of sports betting advertisements to protect vulnerable audiences.

Recent Policy Changes

  • Increased Oversight: The Australian government has increased its oversight of the industry to address concerns about gambling addiction.
  • Consumer Protection: New policies focus on consumer protection, including measures to prevent underage gambling and promote responsible betting.

Future Directions

  • Technological Regulation: As technology evolves, regulations will need to adapt to address new forms of sports betting, such as cryptocurrency-based betting.
  • International Cooperation: Australia may collaborate with other countries to create a unified regulatory framework for global sports betting markets.

Sports betting in Australia is a multifaceted issue with significant political, economic, and social implications. Understanding the trends, impact, and regulatory landscape is crucial for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and the public alike.

sports betting in australia

Sports betting has become a significant part of Australian culture, with millions of Australians engaging in various forms of sports betting activities. From traditional bookmakers to online platforms, the industry has seen substantial growth over the years. This article delves into the landscape of sports betting in Australia, exploring its history, current trends, regulatory framework, and the impact on the community.

Historical Overview

Early Beginnings

  • 19th Century: Betting on horse racing was the earliest form of sports betting in Australia, dating back to the 19th century.
  • 20th Century: The introduction of legal bookmakers in the mid-20th century marked a significant shift, making sports betting more accessible.

Technological Advancements

  • 1990s: The advent of the internet led to the rise of online sports betting platforms, offering convenience and a wider range of betting options.
  • 2000s: Mobile betting apps further revolutionized the industry, allowing bettors to place wagers from anywhere at any time.
  • Horse Racing: Still a major draw, with major events like the Melbourne Cup attracting significant betting activity.
  • AFL (Australian Football League): One of the most popular sports for betting, with a passionate fan base and numerous betting markets.
  • NRL (National Rugby League): Another significant sport, with a strong following and extensive betting options.
  • Cricket: Especially popular during international tournaments like the Ashes.
  • Soccer: Growing in popularity, particularly during major tournaments like the FIFA World Cup.

Online Betting Platforms

  • Major Operators: Companies like Sportsbet, Bet365, and Ladbrokes dominate the online sports betting market.
  • Features: These platforms offer live betting, in-play betting, and a wide range of markets, enhancing the betting experience.

Regulatory Framework

Government Regulations

  • Australian Gambling Laws: The Interactive Gambling Act 2001 regulates online gambling activities, focusing on protecting consumers and preventing illegal offshore gambling.
  • State and Territory Regulations: Each state and territory has its own regulatory bodies overseeing sports betting, ensuring compliance with national laws.

Responsible Gambling Initiatives

  • Self-Exclusion Programs: Available to help individuals control their gambling habits.
  • Awareness Campaigns: Aimed at educating the public about the risks of problem gambling.
  • Age Restrictions: Ensuring that only adults can participate in sports betting activities.

Economic Impact

Revenue Generation

  • Tax Contributions: Sports betting generates significant revenue through taxes, contributing to government funds.
  • Employment: The industry provides jobs in various sectors, including technology, marketing, and customer service.

Social Impact

Positive Aspects

  • Community Engagement: Sports betting can enhance community engagement, particularly during major sporting events.
  • Entertainment Value: For many, sports betting is a form of entertainment, adding excitement to watching sports.

Negative Aspects

  • Problem Gambling: The industry has been criticized for contributing to problem gambling, leading to financial and social issues.
  • Advertising: Excessive advertising has been a point of contention, with concerns about its impact on vulnerable individuals.

Future Outlook

Technological Innovations

  • Blockchain Technology: Potential for secure and transparent betting transactions.
  • AI and Machine Learning: Enhancing betting experiences through personalized recommendations and risk assessment.

Regulatory Changes

  • Potential Reforms: Ongoing discussions about potential regulatory changes to address issues like problem gambling and advertising.

Market Expansion

  • New Markets: Exploration of new betting markets, including esports and virtual sports.

Sports betting in Australia is a multifaceted industry with a rich history and significant economic impact. While it offers entertainment and economic benefits, it also poses challenges related to problem gambling and regulatory compliance. As technology continues to evolve, the industry will likely see further changes, requiring ongoing adaptation and responsible practices.

sportsbet pty

Introduction

Sportsbet Pty, one of Australia’s leading online betting companies, has established itself as a major player in the sports betting industry. Founded in 1993, Sportsbet has grown exponentially, offering a wide range of betting options for sports enthusiasts across the country. This article delves into the history, services, and impact of Sportsbet Pty on the Australian betting landscape.

History of Sportsbet Pty

Early Beginnings

  • 1993: Sportsbet was founded by Matthew Tripp, initially operating as a small, independent bookmaker.
  • 2005: The company was acquired by Irish gambling giant Paddy Power, which later merged with Betfair to form Flutter Entertainment.

Growth and Expansion

  • 2009: Sportsbet launched its online platform, significantly expanding its customer base.
  • 2010s: The company continued to grow, introducing new features and expanding its sports betting offerings.

Services Offered by Sportsbet Pty

Sports Betting

  • Wide Range of Sports: Sportsbet offers betting options on a variety of sports, including football, horse racing, cricket, and more.
  • Live Betting: Customers can place bets on live events, adding an extra layer of excitement to the viewing experience.
  • Promotions and Bonuses: Regular promotions and bonuses are available to both new and existing customers.

Online Casino

  • Casino Games: Sportsbet provides a range of casino games, including blackjack, roulette, and electronic slot machines.
  • Baccarat: Fans of baccarat can enjoy this classic card game in a digital format.
  • Poker: The platform also offers various poker games for those who enjoy the thrill of the card table.

Mobile App

  • User-Friendly Interface: The Sportsbet mobile app is designed for ease of use, allowing customers to place bets on the go.
  • Real-Time Updates: Users receive real-time updates on their bets and can access live streaming of events.

Impact on the Australian Betting Industry

Market Leadership

  • Customer Base: Sportsbet boasts a large and loyal customer base, contributing to its market leadership.
  • Innovation: The company has been at the forefront of technological advancements in the betting industry, setting trends for others to follow.

Regulatory Compliance

  • Responsible Gambling: Sportsbet is committed to responsible gambling practices, offering tools and resources to help customers gamble responsibly.
  • Licensing: The company operates under strict regulatory guidelines, ensuring a fair and transparent betting environment.

Sportsbet Pty has solidified its position as a key player in the Australian sports betting industry through its innovative services, extensive range of betting options, and commitment to customer satisfaction. As the company continues to evolve, it remains a top choice for sports enthusiasts and casual bettors alike.

References

australian betting sites new

Introduction

The Australian betting industry has seen significant growth in recent years, with new betting sites emerging regularly. These platforms offer a wide range of options for bettors, from traditional sports betting to innovative online casino games. This article provides an overview of the latest trends in Australian betting sites, highlighting key features, regulatory changes, and the best new platforms to consider.

Key Features of New Australian Betting Sites

1. User-Friendly Interfaces

New betting sites in Australia are focusing on creating intuitive and user-friendly interfaces. This includes:

  • Responsive Design: Ensuring the site works seamlessly on both desktop and mobile devices.
  • Easy Navigation: Simplified menus and search functions to help users find their desired bets quickly.
  • Live Betting: Real-time betting options that allow users to place bets during the event.

2. Wide Range of Betting Options

Modern Australian betting sites offer a diverse range of betting options, including:

  • Sports Betting: From football and cricket to horse racing and eSports.
  • Casino Games: Including baccarat, blackjack, roulette, and electronic slot machines.
  • Virtual Sports: Betting on simulated sports events.

3. Enhanced Security Measures

New betting sites prioritize user security with advanced measures such as:

  • Encryption Technology: Protecting user data and transactions.
  • Two-Factor Authentication: Adding an extra layer of security for account access.
  • Regular Audits: Ensuring compliance with regulatory standards.

4. Attractive Bonuses and Promotions

To attract new users, many new betting sites offer enticing bonuses and promotions, such as:

  • Welcome Bonuses: Free bets or deposit matches for new users.
  • Loyalty Programs: Rewards for frequent bettors.
  • Seasonal Promotions: Special offers tied to major sporting events or holidays.

Regulatory Changes in the Australian Betting Industry

1. Stricter Advertising Regulations

Recent changes in Australian law have led to stricter regulations on betting advertisements, including:

  • Time Restrictions: Limiting the times when betting ads can be shown on TV and radio.
  • Content Restrictions: Banning ads that appeal to minors or promote irresponsible gambling.

2. Increased Focus on Responsible Gambling

New betting sites are required to implement responsible gambling measures, such as:

  • Self-Exclusion Options: Allowing users to temporarily or permanently exclude themselves from the site.
  • Deposit Limits: Setting daily, weekly, or monthly limits on deposits.
  • Gambling Education: Providing resources and information on responsible gambling practices.

Top New Australian Betting Sites

1. Bet365 Australia

  • Features: Comprehensive sports betting options, live streaming, and a user-friendly mobile app.
  • Bonuses: Welcome bonuses, loyalty rewards, and regular promotions.
  • Security: High-level encryption and compliance with Australian gambling regulations.

2. Ladbrokes Australia

  • Features: Wide range of sports and casino games, including virtual sports and live betting.
  • Bonuses: Attractive welcome bonuses and a loyalty program.
  • Security: Advanced security measures and regular audits.

3. Sportsbet

  • Features: Extensive sports betting options, including niche sports and international events.
  • Bonuses: Generous welcome bonuses and seasonal promotions.
  • Security: Robust encryption and responsible gambling tools.

The Australian betting industry continues to evolve with the introduction of new sites that offer enhanced features, diverse betting options, and robust security measures. As regulations become stricter, these platforms are also focusing on responsible gambling practices. For bettors, this means more choices and a safer betting environment.

Frequently Questions

What are the trends, impacts, and regulations of sports betting in Australian politics?

In Australian politics, sports betting trends have surged, driven by technological advancements and changing consumer behaviors. The impact includes increased revenue for operators and potential risks of gambling addiction. Regulations have tightened, with the Interactive Gambling Act 2001 being a key legislation, aiming to protect consumers and ensure fair practices. Recent trends show a shift towards mobile betting and live-in-play wagering, prompting ongoing policy reviews to balance innovation with responsible gambling measures. The political landscape is also influenced by public opinion and advocacy groups, leading to debates on further regulatory adjustments to address emerging issues.

What are the trends, impact, and future outlook of sports betting in Australian politics?

The integration of sports betting into Australian politics reflects broader societal trends, impacting policy and public perception. Recent legislative changes, such as the Interactive Gambling Amendment Act of 2017, highlight efforts to regulate the industry, addressing concerns over problem gambling and integrity in sports. The future outlook suggests a continued focus on balancing economic benefits with social responsibility. As the industry evolves, expect more sophisticated regulatory frameworks and potential collaborations between government, sports bodies, and betting operators to ensure fair play and consumer protection. These developments underscore the dynamic relationship between sports betting and Australian political landscapes.

 

How Can I Effectively Cover Sports Betting Risks?

Effectively managing sports betting risks involves several strategies. First, set a budget and stick to it, avoiding the temptation to chase losses. Diversify your bets across different sports and events to spread risk. Research thoroughly, understanding teams, players, and conditions that could impact outcomes. Use reputable betting platforms with transparent odds and payouts. Consider hedging bets by wagering on opposite outcomes in certain situations. Keep detailed records of your bets to analyze patterns and improve decision-making. Lastly, stay informed about changes in rules, regulations, and market trends to adapt your strategies accordingly. By implementing these practices, you can better control and mitigate sports betting risks.

How do legal regulations affect sports betting in different countries?

Legal regulations significantly impact sports betting across countries, varying from outright bans to comprehensive licensing systems. In the United States, the Supreme Court's 2018 decision lifted the federal ban on sports betting, allowing individual states to legalize and regulate it, leading to a patchwork of state-specific laws. In contrast, the United Kingdom has a well-established regulatory framework through the Gambling Commission, ensuring a balance between consumer protection and industry growth. Australia permits sports betting but imposes strict advertising rules to prevent problem gambling. Countries like China and Qatar maintain strict prohibitions, reflecting broader cultural and ethical stances on gambling. These diverse regulations shape the accessibility, safety, and economic impact of sports betting worldwide.

How does sports betting influence trends, impact, and regulations within Australian politics?

Sports betting significantly influences Australian politics through its economic impact and regulatory challenges. The industry contributes substantially to the economy, prompting political interest in fostering growth while ensuring integrity. Regulatory frameworks are crucial to prevent corruption and protect consumers, leading to ongoing legislative adjustments. Politicians must balance revenue generation with ethical concerns, impacting policy decisions. Public opinion and social responsibility also play roles, as debates over gambling harm necessitate responsive governance. Thus, sports betting shapes economic policies, regulatory landscapes, and political discourse in Australia.